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The largest online library of free vintage moped repair manuals, catalogs, wiring diagrams, exploded diagrams and vintage moped advertisements - Puch, Derbi, Batavus. The numbers on the Registration Form must agree with the serial numbers on the Moped. A) SERIAL NUMBER LOCATION The engine number is stamped on the top of the crankcase on the right-hand side. 1 -Speed Automatic 2-Speed Automatic The specification plate is fixed to the right-hand side of the frame.

Tomos
Type	Public
Headquarters	Koper, Slovenia
Products	Motorcycles & mopeds
Website	www.tomos.si

Tomos (Slovene: To-Tovarna, Mo-motorjev, S-Sežana, 'Motorcycle Company Sežana') was a moped manufacturer based in Koper, Slovenia. Tomos acquired a production license from Puch to produce moped models under the Tomos name in 1954. Tomos had since produced various goods for the Eastern European market, including motorcycles, mopeds, outboard motors and Citroëncars for the home market.

Tomos mopeds were also produced in Epe, Netherlands since 1966. A very good-selling model was the Tomos '4L', produced from 1969 until 1980. The Dutch development team was responsible for the introduction of models like the Colibri, Targa and Revival. Tomos was the last remaining moped factory in the Netherlands, surviving at least 36 others since 1966. Tomos mopeds were sold in the U.S. from 1976 to 2014.^[1]^[2] Recently Tomos has also expanded to the United Kingdom.^[3]

Tomos went bankrupt on January 3, 2019.^[4]

History[edit]

Establishment[edit]

Josip Broz Tito and Ethiopian emperor Haile Selassie at Tomos factory - 1959

After World War II, the Yugoslavian government sought to develop new industries. A company to produce two-wheelers was established in Sežana in July 1954, and soon a license agreement was signed with the Austrian company Steyr-Daimler-Puch. Puch had economical and robust motorcycles suitable for gravel roads and steep terrain characteristic of the region, and Puch also offered favorable licensing terms and conditions, as it doubted that the factory would ever be able to operate independently. The very next month, the name TOMOS (TOvarna MOtornih koles Sežana) appeared in the company documents for the first time. In October 1954, the Yugoslav government started to build the Tomos factory in Koper, the seaside industrial center of Slovenia, where it remains today.^[5]Production in temporary facilities started in 1955 and the factory was officially opened in 1959 by Josip Broz-Tito, the President of Yugoslavia.^[1]

Tomos remained a state-owned enterprise as Slovenia, with its close ties to Austria and Italy, was first to gain its independence as the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia broke up in the early 90s. The company navigated these challenges successfully and in 1998 it was privatized and sold to Hidria, a private Slovenian corporation.^[1]

License production - motorcycles[edit]

Delivering Tomos motorcycles - 1960

Tomos first product was a motorcycle called TOMOS Puch SG 250. In 1955 they made 137 these motorcycles and assembled 124 RL 125 scooters and one hundred mopeds. The next year, mopeds accounted for the majority (1712) of the total number of assembled units, followed by motorcycles (615) and scooters. Simultaneously with the licensed production, Tomos started development of its own serial models.

In the late 1950s, numerous variants of the moped Puch MS 50 were produced under the common name Colibri. The first Colibris were marked VS 50; later marks ranged from 01 to 013. Individual variants were adapted to foreign markets. In 1959, they produced more than 17,000 Colibris and signed a contract for the first major export to Sweden. Among the most successful Colibris was the type 12, while its version Colibri T 12, which was first presented in 1961 became the most popular moped in Slovenia.

In early 1960s, market research showed that the interest in heavy motorcycles was decreasing all over Europe, and Tomos adapted its range of motorcycles and focused exclusively on the production of two-stroke 50 cm3 motorcycles. In order to ensure systematic and organized development, the Institute for Technical and Economic Research was established in 1962.

The 1960s were the most productive period for Tomos. The Netherlands emerged as an important market in 1960. Tomos had so much success, that the only other plant outside of Slovenia was built in the Netherlands in 1966. Until 2009 the factory produced for the Dutch market along with research and development of new units. Tomos became the longest surviving moped factory in The Netherlands until production ended in 2009 due to the fact production- and labor costs are lower in Slovenia.^[6] The Netherlands remains the strongest market for Tomos today.

License production - automobiles[edit]

Beginning in 1959, Tomos began producing Citroën automobiles under license at the Koper plant, and selling them in the Yugoslav market.^[7] The Yugoslav automobile market was closed, so this joint venture with a local firm allowed Citroën to access the market.^[8]

In 1972 Tomos, Iskra, and Citroën formed a new company, Cimos (Citroën, Iskra, Tomos), for the manufacture and export of cars and car sub-assemblies.^[9]Iskra was a manufacturer of automotive components, especially generators.^[10]

Cimos was owned at 50% by Citroën and 50% by the Yugoslavian government.^[8] The Yugoslavian government was short of hard currency and often used the barter system, paying Citroën with cereals and raw materials, which Citroën resold in Western Europe.^[8]

Locally made vehicles included the Ami 8, 2CV6, GS, and Citroën Dyane (called the Diana). Cimos also sold imported vehicles, the CX and Méhari. The Cimos GS can be distinguished by round headlights, developed for the US market but never used there.^[10]

In 1981, Cimos began to produce a specific model, the Dak, an enclosed cargo utility vehicle, very similar to the fourgonette. The basis was an unstretched Diana chassis, unlike the French Acadiane which was based on the longer chassis of the 2CV AK400.^[10] Cimos also prepared a pick up truck from the same basis, the Geri. Sales were 2,200 Dak and 900 Geri.^[10] Citroën did not allow Cimos to export these utility vehicles, and this rift led to the French firm ceasing delivery of parts to its Yugoslav partner by 1985, dooming the joint venture.^[10]

Own-design motorcycles - automatics[edit]

Tomos APN-4MS

At the brink of the 1970s, Tomos started preparing for the production of 'automatics' of its own design, as the market was increasingly interested in such type of motorcycles and the components produced abroad were more and more expensive. Therefore, they produced Automatic A1 with improved single gear engine which was built into the framework structure of the previous Automatic. Its successor, Automatic A3 was made in 1973 when they launched the new, modernized production line with automated machines for framework welding. This was the beginning of the production of new frameworks in Tomos which were visually different from the licensed Puch's motorcycle frameworks.

As the standard of living increased significantly in the 1970s, the number of young buyers also grew. These were attracted by automatics and mopeds of the type A-OS, A-ON and APN. The latter type was particularly popular among the young, which is why Tomos started producing special variants of these mopeds with raised handlebars, seat with back support, side bags and a lot of chrome.

In the 1970s, several new models of Colibris were sent to the markets. Colibris T-03, T-12 and T-13 had Puch's motors while Colibri 14V had inbuilt motor produced by Tomos, according to its own design. After 1973 all motorcycles and bicycles with motors attached produced by Tomos were equipped with in-house manufactured engines. In this period, they also developed Colibri 15 with

Puch Moped Serial Numbers